The Latin Sources of the OCIA

Nota bene: I have tentatively scheduled our sessions for Thursday afternoons from 14:30-17:50. If the group is unanimous in establishing another day of the week or time, then I am agreeable.

Since we shall miss our first session on Tuesday 8 November 2020, I request participants prepare for gathering on Tuesday 15 November 2020 by doing the following:

Choose a prayer from the OICA, a prayer which appears in the current rite and is found in the Gelasianum Vetus and other early sacramentaries, a prayer whose historical development you would like to trace. You may download this list of possible prayers although you may propose another prayer from the OICA if it is also present in various early sacramentaries. Please let me know your selection by email.
1. Lorenzo: prayer number 7 from OICA 409bis.
2. Octavius: prayer OICA no. 224.
Prepare a translation of your own prayer into English (or Italian) and into your own mother tongue. To prepare this translation, you are requested to follow the series of questions found on this web-page under the heading “Encounter 1”.
In preparation for presenting these findings to the other participants in the seminar, you are requested to write out your analysis of the Latin text and email it to the instructor at least a day prior to our first gathering if not several days prior so that we may exchange several emails according to the instructions. I’ll examine these carefully and return the document by email with my comments as soon as possible.
When you create a word document of your prayer and email it to me, please assign the name to the document in the manner described here. This will help me to keep the many emails straight in individual folders for different participants.

My email address is available here.

This page has not yet been revised for academic term 2020-2021.

The Latin Sources of the OICA

Taught by: Daniel McCarthy

optional seminar offered in English: 94488 (3 ECTS):

Brief description

This seminar provides a context for the student-scholar to learn and apply a method in studying one brief prayer from the Ordo initiationis christianae adultorum in three stages:

Heuristics: the student-researcher studies the prayer’s literary composition, and liturgical and historical context.
Hermaneutics: the student-scholar interprets the prayer in its liturgical-ritual context ~~and according to four pairs of interpretative keys~~.
Synthetics: the student-author formulates an argument that addresses the concerns of an identified audience and presents the prayer twice in the seminar and in a written summative paper.
The student conducts personal research while engaged in collaborative conversation with colleague-scholars,

In this seminar, the student joins the collegial discussion among scholar-participants, as the professor provides careful supervision of the work undertaken.

Aims

By the end of this course the student will have done and will know a method for doing the following:

Heuristics: the student will have gathered essential information on a prayer, its Latin expression, liturgical context, uses in history, sources.
Hermeneutics: the student will have interpreted the prayer ~~both~~ in its historical – liturgical context and according to four pairs of interpretative keys: anamnesis (narration – ritual programme); presentation – epiclesis; eschatology – moral life and personal maturation; theosis – a personal way of being in freedom and love.
Synthetics: the student will have integrated the findings and interpretation into a reasoned argument intended to address the concerns of an identified audience, and will have communicated this in oral form to the participants in the seminar and in written form in a final paper.
The student conducts personal research while engaged in collaborative conversation with colleague-scholars, as the professor provides careful supervision of the work undertaken.

Structure of the course

In seminar the professor reviews methods of finding data, interpreting a prayer in context and writing a summative paper; in and out of seminar the professor provides careful supervision.
Each student presents the Latin text of the prayer, its sources and historical contexts to the seminar.
In a second presentation each student interprets the meaning of the prayer in its liturgical-ritual context ~~according to the four pairs of interpretative keys~~.
Seminar discussions encourage learning from others and support self-motivated personal research and sharing personal reflections.
Each student integrates this historical and hermeneutical method and findings in the preparation of a reasoned argument on the Latin text of a prayer intended to address the concerns of an identified audience.

Learning activities

Each study begins with a clear and accurate understanding of the Latin text of the prayer.
The student-researcher seeks to identify sources of the prayer in Scripture, literature, magisterium.
The student-researcher traces the history of the use of the prayer in its liturgical contexts.
The student-scholar interprets the meaning of the prayer in its liturgical-ritual context ~~and according to four pairs of interpretative keys~~.
The student-author addresses the particular concerns of an identified audience in two oral presentations on the prayer and in the final written paper.

Schedule

This seminar is conducted all afternoon for six weeks on Thursdays of the Autumn semester 2020. It begins on Thursday, 8 (cancelled) October 2020 and continues through Thursday, 12 November. Encounters begin at 14:30 and continue until 17:50 (with three short breaks) on each of the following days:

8 (cancelled), 15, 22, 29 October 2020
5, 12 November 2020

Hours: 14:30-17:50

I suggest these hours, unless there is unanimous agreement in the group to meet at a different time. We shall take several breaks.

Office Hours

Please do not phone the instructor. Rather email him at this email address. He is available outside of class time by appointment.

Bibliography

♦ Leachman, J.G. – McCarthy, D.P., « The formation of the Ecclesial Person through Baptismal Preparation and celebrations of the RCIA: The Collects of the Scrutinies », The Liturgical Subject: Subject and Subjectivity, ed. J. Leachman, SCM–University of Notre Dame Press, London – Notre Dame, IL 2008, 172-200.

♦ Leachman, J.G. –McCarthy, D.P., « Preparation for the Piazza: The Preface of the Second Scrutiny (the Fourth Sunday in Lent): the mystagogical formation of the neophytes and the assembly, » Conference of Societas Liturgica, « Liturgy and the Piazza », Studia Liturgica 38 (2008) 114-33.

♦ Leachman, J.G., “The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Catechumenal Preparation for Baptism in OICA,” in Spíritus spiritália nóbis dóna poténter infúndit, [Studia Anselmiana 139], PIL, Roma 2006, 277-292.

♦ Leachman, J.G., “The Holy Spirit in the Period of Purification and Enlightenment in RCIA,” Studia Liturgica 36 (2006) 185-2007.

♦ Transition in the Easter Vigil: Becoming Christians. Paschali in vigilia Christiani nominis fieri, ed. D.P. McCarthy – J.G. Leachman (Documenta rerum ecclesiasticarum instaurata, Liturgiam aestimare: Appreciating the Liturgy 2), St. Michael’s Abbey Press, Farnborough 2011, 295-322.

Participants may find this general bibliography helpful for sources and their bibliographical format.

Also recommended: Instruments

♦ BRUYLANTS, P., Les oraisons du Missel Romain, texte et histoire (Études liturgiques 2 vol.), Mont César, Louvain 1952.

♦ Corpus orationum, 14 vol., ed. E. Moeller – J.-M. Clément – B.C. ’t Wallant (Corpus christianorum series latina 160-160 M), Brepols, Turnhout 1992-2004 (CO)..

♦ DESHUSSES, J., – B. DARRAGON, Concordances et Tableaux pour l’étude des grands Sacramentaires, 6 vol., Editions Universitaires, Fribourg 1982-83.

♦ GAMBER, K., Codices Liturgici Latini Antiquiores, I-II, Fribourg-en-Suisse, 21968/88 (CLLA).

Also recommended: Studies

♦ Appreciating the Collect: An Irenic Methodology, ed. J.G. Leachman – D.P. McCarthy (Documenta rerum ecclesiasticarum instaurata, Liturgiam aestimare: Appreciating the Liturgy 1), St. Michael’s Abbey Press, Farnborough 2008.

CHAVASSE, A., Le Sacramentaire Gélasien (Vaticanus Reginensis 316). Sacramentaire presbytéral en usage dans le titres Romains au VIIe siècle (Bibliothèque de théologie. Série 4: Histoire de la Théologie 1), Desclée, Tournai 1958.

♦ MCCARTHY, D., “Seeing a Reflection, Considering Appearances: The History, Theology and Literary Composition of the Missale Romanum at a Time of Vernacular Reflection”, Questions Liturgiques / Studies in Liturgy 94 (2013) 109-143.

♦ VOGEL, C., Medieval Liturgy: An Introduction to the Sources, tr., rev. W.G. Storey – N.K. Rasmussen (National Association of Pastoral Musicians Studies in Church Music and Liturgy), Pastoral Press, Washington D.C. 1986, (of Introduction aux sources de l’histoire du culte chrétien au moyen âge, Centro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo, Spoleto 1981).

Also recommended: Latin langauge

♦ BLAISE, A., Le vocabulaire latin des principaux thèmes liturgiques, rev. A. Dumas, Turnhout 1966.

♦ FOSTER, R. – D.P. MCCARTHY, Ossa Latinitatis Sola ad mentem Reginaldi rationemque: The mere bones of Latin according to the thought and system of Reginald (Latinitatis Corpus 1), Catholic University of America Press, Washington DC 2016.

♦ LEWIS, C.T.,- SHORT, C., A Latin Dictionary, OUP, Oxford-New York 1879, reprinted 1995.

Parsing tool with Lewis and Short Dictionary

♦ Latin Work Study Tool with the Lewis and Short dictionary available here:

Enter an inflected form of your word in the field under the heading “Dictionary Entry Lookup”, located in the column on the right.

♦ LEWIS and SHORT dictionary available here: Enter the dictionary entry for your word in the field under the heading “Dictionary Entry Lookup”, located in the column on the right.

Lewis and Short dictionary search screen

♦ LEWIS and SHORT entry word search: This is another version of the above entry word search. This one is well laid-out for easier reading. Enter the dictionary entry for your word in the field at the top left of the page.

♦ GILDERSLEEVE, B.L, – G. LODGE, Gildersleeve’s Latin Grammar, Bolchazy-Carducci, Wauconda IL 2003, reprint of 31895 (GL).

♦Logeion
Even more Latin dictionaries are available on Logeion, including Lewis and Short. Enter the dictionary entry for your word in the field at the top of this page. If the search produces entries from several different dictionaries, they are listed first and you can choose which one you wish to consult.

Examination

Having agreed with the instructor upon a Latin prayer from the OICA, the student conducts his or her own study of the prayer and presents the findings in two seminar presentations. The student also participates in the seminar discussion on the research of other collegue-participants. The student uses the shared discussion and personal research to revise and further develop a final paper.

Examination in detail

Explanation: The student presents his or her findings in class twice and has the chance to revise the material based on class discussion and feedback from the instructor, before submitting a research paper of 10 pages of text but not more than 15 pages, following the norms of the PIL (without binding). Helpful guidelines prepared by Prof. Pachomius Okogie are available to be downloaded here.

Criteria for evaluation: Both the regular in class presentations by the student of his or her ongoing research and the final paper are assessed based on the following criteria:

understanding of the method and quality of its application to the particular prayer,
logical organisation of the material and its clear presentation,
accuracy of information and analysis,
consistency in style of notes and bibliography,
sources preferaby in their original languages,
theological accuracy.

Mode of evaluation: The final assessment will be based 50% on class participation and 50% on the final written paper.

When: Before the end of our last session we shall agree upon a due date for the final paper, which is to be handed in to the Registrar no later than either Friday, 18 December 2020 or Thursday, 7 January 2020. If the participant would like to receive a copy back with notations and comments, then please also submit by email an electronic version in Word.

Academic program

The program of studies with course descriptions and calendar for the academic year 2020-2021 is available for download here.

Place

This course is offered in English at the Pontifical Institute of Liturgy housed at:

Sant’Anselmo
Piazza Cavalieri di Malta, 5
00153 Roma, Italia

See map below.

Schedule in detail

This seminar originally had a broader scope which included the interpretation of the prayer according to the four interpretative keys. That part has been removed from the seminar so that greater attention may be given to tracing the historical development of each chosen prayer.

Encounter 1: Thursday, 8 October 2020 – Cancelled

Encounter 2: Thursday, 15 October 2020

The purpose of a seminar is for the participants each to conduct his or her own research and to share the results with the others in a collective learning environment. Since the students are expected to work together, we shall begin with general introductions of the students.

We shall go over the syllabus and bibliography. We shall assess the goals of the seminar.

We shall establish the days and times of our encounters.

In preparation for our first gathering, each participant is requested to do the following:

Choose a prayer from the OICA, a prayer which appears in the current rite and is found in the Gelasianum Vetus and other early sacramentaries, a prayer whose historical development you would like to trace. You may download this list of possible prayers although you may propose another prayer from the OICA if it is also present in various early sacramentaries. Please let me know your selection by email.
Prepare a translation of your own prayer into English (or Italian) and into your own mother tongue. To prepare this translation, you are requested to follow the series of questions found on this web-page under the heading “Encounter 1”.
Participants who are familiar with the process may also wish to prepare the semiotic analysis of their own prayer answering the questions, “Who does it?”, “Who does what?”, “Who does what to whom” in three separate charts, as presented on the same web-page under the heading “Encounter 3a”. Participants new to this process need not accomplish the semiotic analysis.
In preparation for presenting these findings to the other participants in the seminar, you are requested to write out your analysis of the Latin text and email it to the instructor at least a day prior to our first gathering if not several days prior so that we may exchange several emails according to the instructions. I’ll examine these carefully and return the document by email with my comments as soon as possible.
When you create a word document of your prayer and email it to me, please assign the name to the document in the manner described here. This will help me to keep the many emails straight in individual folders for different participants.
Participants are then requested to revise their analysis of the Latin text of the prayer and prepare copies for each of the participants in the seminar so that we may consider each prayer in turn (currently there are 5 participants plus the moderator = 6 copies).

The prayers chosen by participants are:

Name: OICA nº NN De …
Name: OICA nº NN De …
Name: OICA nº NN De …
Name: OICA nº NN De …
Name: OICA nº NN De …

You may download the list of prayers here, print them and bring them to class with you so that you will have the text of any prayer we may consider.

Any student who has prepared their translations of their prayer into English (or Italian) and into his or her mother tongue may present this work first. Other participants are requested to choose the prayer they wish to examine and for our next gathering to prepare a direct translation into English (or Italian) as well as into their mother language.

The moderator will present two pages, one showing the historical development of the early Roman sacramentaries (download here) and the other showing the family of eighth century gelasian sacramentaries (download here). The moderator will discuss how to read these charts and how to trace the appearances of a particular prayer in the sacramentaries indicated on the charts. Both of these charts are found in, C. VOGEL, Medieval Liturgy: An Introduction to the Sources, on pages 400 and 402.

The moderator will discuss how to find the early sources of a prayer using several instruments listed in the bibliography above, in particular the following:

♦ Corpus orationum, 14 vol., ed. E. Moeller – J.-M. Clément – B.C. ’t Wallant (Corpus christianorum series latina 160-160 M), Brepols, Turnhout 1992-2004 (CO). This is found in the S’A library at: Cons Patr 4.160-160K.

♦ BRUYLANTS, P., Les oraisons du Missel Romain, texte et histoire (Études liturgiques 2 vol.), Mont César, Louvain 1952. This is found in the S’A library at: Cons Lit I.5.I.1-2.

… and as needed …

♦ DESHUSSES, J., – B. DARRAGON, Concordances et Tableaux pour l’étude des grands Sacramentaires, 6 vol., Editions Universitaires, Fribourg 1982-83. This is found in the S’A library at: Cons Lit I.7.9-14.

♦ GAMBER, K., Codices Liturgici Latini Antiquiores, I-II, Fribourg-en-Suisse, 21968/88 (CLLA). This is found in the S’A library at: Coll 2 8c.001.1-2.

The seminar will then move to the library where the moderator will present these instruments to the seminar participants who will then have the opportunity to research their own prayers using the instruments. If there is an online participant in this seminar, we may need to bring the books from the library to our seminar room for examination.

Encounter 3: Thursday, 22 October 2020

We shall begin this session by inviting the remaining participants are invited to present the analysis of the Latin text of his or her prayer. This is to include an initial English rendering of the prayer along with a rendering of the prayer into the author’s mother tongue.

Once the analysis of the Latin text of each prayer is complete, we shall move on to presentations of the appearance of the prayers in the early sacramentaries and ordines. The purpose of these presentations is not to present final conclusions, that will be done in the final paper. Rather each participant is to present the state of his or her ongoing research and analysis and to invite discussion on their findings and method as they progress in their research.

The primary liturgical sources include the Gelasianum vetus, Paduense, Tridentinum, Hadrianum, and from the eighth-century gelasian sacramentaries taken more or less together, the Gellonensis, Augustodunensis (Phillips), Angoulesmensis; the Missalia Romana from 1570 and following, including 1962, 1970, 1975, 2002, 2008. Some prayers may also be found in the Ordines Romani, Romano-Germanicum Pontificum c. 950, and in later Pontificalia.

Each participant is to assemble the relevant information about his or her prayer for the presentation and to have copies of all the information on hand for the discussion that follows.

Bring a copy of your prayer from the current OICA, along with a copy of the context of your prayer, that is the rite it which your prayer is found, along with a copy of the introduction to that rite with particular focus on the place your prayer has in its rite. This will help you to understand the prayer in its context.

Bring a copy of the entry for your prayer in the Corpus orationum. If your prayer is not included in the CO and consult Bruylants for any information about your prayer. Please include all of the critical apparatus and the list of relevant abbreviations for the liturgical books mentioned in the critical apparatus.

Bring a copy of your prayer in the primary liturgical sources, along with its context in each source. One prayer is found only in the Mozarabic sacramentary of Toledo; bring a copy of that prayer along with its context.

When you make copies, always copy also the title page and copright page of the book so that you will have that information with you as you write your paper.

The following list may help you to consider your prayer in its context in each of the primary liturgical books.

Compare the text of your prayer in its earliest source and in the MR 2008. Note changes in spelling, vocabulary, clausal structure.
Concerning the early sources, describe the type of liturgical book, who used the book for what type of liturgy in what pastoral context. Give the date of its oldest or its primary extant manuscript and the presumed date of its original composition. Describe where the book was first developed and how the oldest or the primary manuscript is currently preserved. Describe whether the manuscript is a pure form or if it has been revised in the process of transmission to its current state.
The Gelasianum Vetus and other early liturgical books are compilations of materials from different sources. Using a study such as Chavasse see what you can find concerning the original composition of the prayer in its original source that was added to the Gelasianum Vetus.
Compare the immediate context of your prayer in both books. Name what type of prayer it is. Where does it fit into its rite? What is the heading given for the specific part of the order in which the prayer is found? What is the order?
Locate the order within the respective books. Describe how the book is organised, how the temporal and sanctoral cycles are incorporated into the whole volume along with other ritual ordines. Mention any appendices the volume has.
Describe how the rites of Christian initiation are incorporated into the whole volume, with particular reference to the rites which include your prayer.
Describe the part of the rites of Christian initiation which includes your prayer and how that part is organised. Give the Latin heading and describe how the material is organised.
Give any rubrics associated with your prayer and any alternative prayers.
Present the textual variants of the prayer in its successive appearances.

One primary goal of this process is to trace the use of your prayer on the two charts from Vogel given to you in the first encounter. On these charts indicate the presence of your prayer in each sacramentary by writing the number of your prayer next to the heading for each book. From this you can trace the appearances of your prayer in the early liturgical books and you can describe the context of your prayer in each of the liturgical sources.

Two or three participants are requested to present their findings during this and the rest in the next session.

Nomen: oratio

Encounter 4: Thursday, 29 October 2020

The remaining two or three participants are requested to present their material in this session:

Nomen: oratio

The moderator will begin to present the method of writing a seminar paper.

The paper involves telling the story of the original formulation of the early liturgical books that contain your prayer – you need not examine the history prior to the Gelasianum Vetus and Paduensis.
Tell the story of how the early liturgical books were carried out of Rome and used as sources for liturgical reforms both under Pipin III around 670 perhaps at Flavigny, and under Charlemagne at Aachen around 785-786.
Tell the story of why the early Ordines Romani were developed and how your prayer appears therein and in their successors the pontificals of 950 and following.
Tell the story of the later development of the pontifical and of the ritual and how your prayer and its rite were incorporated therein.
Tell the story of the place your prayer and its rite held following the Council of Trent, leading up to the Second Vatican Council and in the reform following from the Council.

The moderator will discuss how to identify your audience and your perspective and how these shape the way in which you write a particular piece.

Writing a paper: The instructor will discuss the process of citing the writing of others. You may refer to this web-page for some initial considerations. Please read the section on citations and plagiarism.

Students of the PIL are encouraged to read the statement against plagiarism which is part of the submission of a proposal for a tesina (download the PDF here). This paper written for this course follows the same guidelines against plagiarism.

If time remains, the moderator will begin presenting the material of the following session.

Encounter 5: Thursday, 5 November 2020

In this encounter the moderator will discuss how to use sources in writing your paper and how to advoid plagiarism. The instructor will discuss the process of citing the writing of others. You may refer to this web-page for some initial considerations. Please read the section on citations and plagiarism.

He will also present some of the mechanics of writing a paper such as writing a footnote and compiling a bibliography.

Two or three participants are invited to present a draft of their papers so that we all may discuss them. Each participant is encouraged to name several strengths they see in the paper, and to ask a few questions for the further consideration of the author.

Encounter 6: Thursday, 12 November 2020

The other two or three participants are invited to present a draft of their papers so that we all may discuss them. Each participant is encouraged to name several strengths they see in the paper, and to ask a few questions for the further consideration of the author.

Buy the conclusion of this session we shall have decided on a due date for the seminar paper, either the last day of lessons before Christmas, or the first day of lessons following Christmas.

Papers

EXAMPLE: You may read a more fully developed example of the type of paper requested for this seminar in the following: McCARTHY, D.P., “5. The declaration accompanying the first post-baptismal anointing in the absence of confirmation”, in Transition in the Easter Vigil, 222-237. The task of this seminar is to trace the historical development of the prayer in the rite, not to interpret the prayer according to the four interpretative keys or other hermeneutical categories.

DUE: Before our last session we shall decide on adue date for the papers. We could either agree to hand them in before Christmas break begins, or immediately after Christmas break when classes resume.

Prayers chosen by participants:

The prayers available for your consideration include the following. I’ll put the name of each student after the prayer chosen.

RITUS AD CATECHUMENOS FACIENDOS:

OICA 87a – signatio frontis et sensuum
OICA 95a – signatio frontis et sensuum

DE BENEDICTIONIBUS CATECHUMENORUM

OICA 121 – Da, quaesumus, Domine, catechumenis

RITUS ELECTIONIS

OICA 374 bis so – Omnipotens, sempiterne Deus, qui nos ad

DE TEMPORE PURIFICATIONIS

Exorcismus primus
(OICA 377 so – student – Miseratio tua, Deus, ad haec mysteria)

Exorcismus secundus
OICA 381 so – Remedii sempiterni munera, Dne, laetantes

Exorcismus tertius
OICA 385 so – Exaudi nos, o. D, et famulos tuos, quos fidei

CELEBRATIO INITIATIONIS SACRAMENTORUM

OICA 224 – unctio post Baptismum